Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), a group of autoimmune diseases, cause chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Doctors primarily identify two main diseases in this group: Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Over time, the symptoms of chronic inflammation damage the GI tract, consequently causing discomfort and painful symptoms for those affected.
Two Diseases
Although the two diseases share many similarities and require a physician’s diagnosis, they have distinct characteristics. Firstly, Crohn’s disease can occur anywhere along the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus, with the small intestine being the most commonly affected area. Moreover, the affected areas appear as patches of irritation next to healthy tissue, and the inflammation may penetrate through multiple wall layers within the intestine.
In contrast, Ulcerative Colitis is localized to the colon and rectum. Unlike the patchy areas seen in Crohn’s, the damaged areas in Colitis follow a continuous pattern, typically progressing upward from the rectum to the colon. Additionally, Colitis only affects the innermost wall of the colon, as opposed to affecting multiple layers.
Environmental and Genetic Factors
Like most autoimmune diseases, pinpointing the exact causes of IBD is challenging. However, research suggests that environmental and genetic factors are likely sources. As a result, when triggered by environmental factors, the immune system attacks the cells in the GI tract. Both Crohn’s and Colitis share similar symptoms, which can lead to misdiagnosis.
Symptoms Include:
- Persistent diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Rectal bleeding/bloody stools
- Weight loss
- Fatigue
It’s important to note that IBD differs from IBS and Celiac disease. Therefore, obtaining the correct diagnosis is crucial for the best treatment. Unfortunately, due to the similarity of symptoms, misdiagnosis is common. For this reason, it’s essential to consult a physician or IBD specialist.
Result of IBD
- Xerostomia (Dry Mouth): The salivary glands fail to produce enough saliva to keep the mouth moist and maintain a balanced pH in the oral cavity. Consequently, this can lead to rampant decay.
- Aphthous Ulcers: Also known as canker sores, individuals with IBD may experience frequent or multiple ulcers. These lesions can make oral care more uncomfortable.
- Mucosal Tags: Similar to skin tags, these can develop as a result of Crohn’s Disease. They may appear on the inner cheek, and your dentist or hygienist can visualize them.
- Gingivitis: This reversible form of periodontal disease responds to good home care and professional hygiene visits.
If you’re experiencing any of these oral symptoms, we can help! Our doctor and hygienist will create a tailored treatment plan that best suits your needs. For instance, if you’re suffering from frequent aphthous ulcers, we may prescribe a steroid cream to reduce their duration and frequency.
Furthermore, if you have xerostomia, we’ll discuss options to balance pH and lower your risk of decay. Maintaining good home care and regular hygiene visits will help alleviate any oral symptoms caused by the immune response. If you’d like to discuss how IBD may be affecting your oral health, please feel free to mention it at your next visit!
Lastly, it’s worth noting that Crohn’s Disease most commonly affects the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the colon. Don’t forget to visit our Facebook!
References
CDC – https://www.cdc.gov/ibd/what-is-IBD.htm
Today’s RDH – https://www.todaysrdh.com/crohns-disease-and-its-effects-on-the-oral-cavity/
Faster, better, and more comfortable care is available at Dental Care of Vashon. Our team views you as a key part of our dental family. This inspires us to go the extra mile for your dental health.